A singular noun refers to one person, place, or thing e.g. apple. 🍎

A plural noun refers to more than one person, place, or thing e.g. apples. 🍎  🍎

There are many rules we need to follow when making nouns plural.
These rules depend on the letter a noun ends in.

Here is a simple summary of the rules:

Regular nouns ⟶ ✔︎ Add ‘s’
E.g. Dog 🐶 – Dogs 🐶🐶

To make the singular noun ‘dog’ plural, you add the letter ‘s’.

Words ending in s, sh, ch, or x ⟶ ✔︎ Add ‘es’
E.g. Peach 🍑 – Peaches 🍑🍑

To make the singular noun ‘peach’ plural, you add the letters ‘es’.

Words ending in vowel + o ⟶ ✔︎ Add ‘s’
E.g. Radio 📻 – Radios 📻📻

To make the singular noun ‘radio’ plural, you add the letter ‘s’.

Words ending in consonant + o ⟶ ✔︎ Add ‘es’
E.g. Hero 🦸‍♂️ – Heroes 🦸‍♂️🦸‍♂️

To make the singular noun ‘hero’ plural, you add the letters ‘es’.

Words ending in vowel + y ⟶ ✔︎ Add ‘s’
E.g. Monkey  🐵 – Monkeys  🐵 🐵

To make the singular noun ‘monkey’ plural, you add the letter ‘s’.

Words ending in consonant + y ⟶ ✔︎ Drop the ‘y’ and add ‘ies’
E.g. Baby  👶🏻 – Babies  👶🏻 👶🏻

To make the singular noun ‘baby’ plural, you remove the letter ‘y’ and add the letters ‘ies’.

Words ending in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ ⟶ ✔︎ Drop ‘f’ or ‘fe’ and add ‘ves’
E.g. Leaf 🍁 – Leaves 🍂

To make the singular noun ‘leaf’ plural, you remove the letter ‘f’ and add the letters ‘ves’.

Plural nouns ⟶ ✔︎ Stay the same
E.g. Sheep 🐑 – Sheep 🐑🐑

E.g. Fish 🐟 – Fish 🐠🐡

The singular nouns ‘sheep’ and ‘fish’ don’t need to be changed to form the plural nouns. 

Irregular plurals
Some plurals don’t follow the rules; therefore, it’s important to learn them.

E.g. Tooth 🦷 – Teeth  🦷 🦷

E.g. Mouse 🐭 – Mice 🐭🐭

E.g. Child  🧒🏻 – Children  🧒🏻 🧒🏻

E.g. Woman  👩🏽‍💼 – Women 👩🏽‍💼 👩🏽‍💼